The effect of rosmarinic acid on deformities occurring in brain tissue by craniectomy method. Histopathological evaluation of IBA-1 and GFAP expressions

Abstract Purpose To investigate the role of Rosmarinic acid (RA) in the prevention of traumatic brain injury and the immunohistochemical analysis of IBA-1 and GFAP expressions. Methods Healthy male rats were randomly divided into 3 groups consisting of 10 rats. Groups were as follows; control group, traumatic brain injury (TBI) group, and TBI+RA group. After traumatic brain injury, blood samples were taken from the animals and analyzed with various biochemical markers. And then IBA-1 and GFAP expressions were evaluated immunohistochemically. Results Significant results were obtained in all biochemical parameters between groups. Immunohistochemical sections showed IBA-1 not only in microglia and macrophage activity but also in degenerative neurons in blood vessel endothelial cells. However, GFAP reaction and post-traumatic rosmarinic acid administration showed positive expression in astrocytes with regular structure around the blood vessel. Conclusion Rosmarinic acid in blood vessel endothelial cells showed that preserving the integrity of astrocytic structure in the blood brain barrier may be an important antioxidant.

Lidocaine and pinacidil added to blood versus crystalloid cardioplegic solutions: study in isolated hearts

Abstract Objective: The present study aimed the functional recovery evaluation after long term of cardiac arrest induced by Custodiol (crystalloid-based) versus del Nido (blood-based) solutions, both added lidocaine and pinacidil as cardioplegic agents. Experiments were performed in isolated rat heart perfusion models. Methods: Male rat heart perfusions, according to Langendorff technique, were induced to cause 3 hours of cardiac arrest with a single dose. The hearts were assigned to one of the following three groups: (I) control; (II) Custodiol-LP; and (III) del Nido-LP. They were evaluated after ischemia throughout 90 minutes of reperfusion. Left ventricular contractility function was reported as percentage of recovery, expressed by developed pressure, maximum dP/dt, minimum dP/dt, and rate pressure product variables. In addition, coronary resistance and myocardial injury marker by alpha-fodrin degradation were also evaluated. Results: At 90 minutes of reperfusion, both solutions had superior left ventricular contractile recovery function than the control group. Del Nido-LP was superior to Custodiol-LP in maximum dP/dt (46%±8 vs. 67%±7, P<0.05) and minimum dP/dt (31%±4 vs. 51%±9, P<0.05) variables. Coronary resistance was lower in del Nido-LP group than in Custodiol-LP (395%±50 vs. 307%±13, P<0.05), as well as alpha-fodrin degradation, with lower levels in del Nido-LP group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Del Nido-LP cardioplegia showed higher functional recovery after 3 hours of ischemia. The analysis of alpha-fodrin degradation showed del Nido-LP solution provided greater protection against myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (IR) in this experimental model.

Clinicopathologic significance of fascin, extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer, and ezrin expressions in colorectal adenocarcinoma.

Background: The over expression of fascin, extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN), and ezrin proteins has been associated with poor prognosis in various carcinomas and sarcomas. However, very few studies have reported the relationship between the expression of fascin, EMMPRIN, and ezrin proteins and the clinico-pathologic parameters of colorectal carcinomas. Aims: The aim was to investigate the relationship between fascin, EMMPRIN, and ezrin proteins in colorectal adenocarcinomas and their correlation with clinico-pathologic parameters. Settings and Design: The expression of fascin, EMMPRIN, and ezrin proteins was studied in 210 colorectal adenocarcinoma patients through immunohistochemical staining. Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemical staining by the avidin-biotin peroxidase method was done. The scoring of each protein expression was done and divided into three groups (negative, low-, and high-expression groups). Statistical Analysis: A chi-square test, and Kendall's tau-b correlation test were used for comparing. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank tests and the Cox proportional hazard model. Results: The percentages of the high-expression group of fascin, EMMPRIN, and ezrin proteins in colorectal adenocarcinomas were 24%, 73%, and 62%, respectively. Weak positive correlations were observed among these protein expressions. An increased expression of the fascin protein was significantly associated with advanced tumor depth and shorter survival times, and a high expression of fascin protein was an independent prognostic factor in univariate and multivariate survival analyses. EMMPRIN and ezrin protein expressions were not associated with the clinico-pathologic parameters. Conclusions: The high expression of fascin protein may be an unfavorable prognostic marker for individual colorectal cancer patients.

FGF-2, TGFâ-1, PDGF-A and respective receptors expression in pleomorphic adenoma myoepithelial cells: an in vivo and in vitro study

Myoepithelial cells have an important role in salivary gland tumor development, contributing to a low grade of aggressiveness of these tumors. Normal myoepithelial cells are known by their suppressor function presenting increased expression of extracellular matrix genes and protease inhibitors. The importance of stromal cells and growth factors during tumor initiation and progression has been highlighted by recent literature. Many tumors result from the alteration of paracrine growth factors pathways. Growth factors mediate a wide variety of biological processes such as development, tissue repair and tumorigenesis, and also contribute to cellular proliferation and transformation in neoplastic cells. OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the expression of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), transforming growth factor â-1 (TGFâ-1), platelet-derived growth factor-A (PDGF-A) and their respective receptors (FGFR-1, FGFR-2, TGFâR-II and PDGFR-á) in myoepithelial cells from pleomorphic adenomas (PA) by in vivo and in vitro experiments. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Serial sections were obtained from paraffin-embedded PA samples obtained from the school's files. Myoepithelial cells were obtained from explants of PA tumors provided by surgery from different donors. Immunohistochemistry, cell culture and immunofluorescence assays were used to evaluate growth factor expression. RESULTS: The present findings demonstrated that myoepithelial cells from PA were mainly positive to FGF-2 and FGFR-1 by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. PDGF-A and PDGFR-á had moderate expression by immunohistochemistry and presented punctated deposits throughout cytoplasm of myoepithelial cells. FGFR-2, TGFâ-1 and TGFâR-II were negative in all samples. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggested that FGF-2 compared to the other studied growth factors has an important role in PA benign myoepithelial cells, probably contributing to proliferation of ...

Alteration of Cell Cycle in Cervical Tumor Associated with Human Papillomavirus: Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors

The ability of viral oncoproteins to subvert cell cycle checkpoints may constitute a mechanism by which viral oncoproteins induce genetic instability. HPV 16 E6 and E7 disrupt cell cycle checkpoints, particularly affecting nearly all cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors linked to the G1- and G2- checkpoints, in each case by means of a different mechanism. HPV 16 E7 shows homology with the pRb binding sites of cyclin D1, which consequently releases E2F. In addition, E7 directly binds to p21, and releases PCNA and other S-phase promoting genes. In turn, released E2F activates cyclin E, and cyclin E accelerates p27 proteolysis as a function of the antagonistic reaction of its own inhibitor. The induction of p16 expression is assumed to be indirectly associated with E7, which is upregulated only after prolonged inactivation of Rb. HPV 16 E6 decreased the fidelity of multiple checkpoints controlling both entry into and exit from mitosis, with the mechanism of p53 inactivation. In addition, HPV 16 E6 increased the sensitivity to chemically induced S-phase premature mitosis and decreased mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint function. Alongside the impressive advances made in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms, which HPV disrupts, the validity of these conclusions should be evaluated in the diagnostic and prognostic fields.

Expression of the G1-S Modulators in Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Dysplastic Nodule: Association of Cyclin D1 and p53 Proteins with the Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Deranged expression of cell cycle modulators has been reported to contribute to the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, their expression patterns remain poorly understood in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC, which constitutes about 65-70% of HCC in Korea. The aims of this study were to evaluate the expressions of G1-S modulators in HBV-related HCCs and dysplastic nodules (DNs), and to correlate with the histopathologic features of HCCs. Immunohistochemical expressions of cyclin D1, cyclin E, p53, p27, p21, p16, Rb, and PCNA proteins were investigated in 80 HCCs and 22 DNs. Cyclin D1 overexpression showed positive relationships with advanced tumor stage, poor differentiation, larger tumor size, microvascular invasion, intrahepatic meta-stasis, no tumor capsule formation, infiltrative growth, aberrant p53 expression, and high PCNA labeling index (LI) of HCC (p<0.05). Aberrant p53 expression showed positive relationship with poor differentiation of HCC (p<0.01). Expression of cyclin D1 or p53 was not observed in DNs. The p27 LI and p16 LI were lower in HCCs with intrahepatic metastasis (p<0.05). Cyclin D1 overexpression and aberrant p53 expression could be associated with the progression of HBV-related HCC, and might have a less crucial role in the DN-HCC sequence. In addition, elevated expression of p27 and p16 proteins might have inhibitory action to the intrahepatic metastasis of HBV-related HCC.

Colonic adenocarcinoma metastatic to the thyroid gland: a case report with immunohistochemical investigation

Clinically evident metastases of carcinomas to the thyroid gland are rare, particularly from a colorectal primary tumor. We present a case of colonic adenocarcinoma metastatic to the thyroid gland with histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings. A 68-year-old woman with a history of Dukes' stage B colon carcinoma presented a mass in the thyroid gland. The tumor was confirmed to be metastatic adenocarcinoma from the colon. The immunohistochemical findings demonstrated positive staining for cytokeratin 20, low-molecular-weight cytokeratin, villin and carcinoembryonic antigen, but stains were negative for cytokeratin 7 and thyroglobulin.

Preparación de columnas de afinidad con actina-F y Actina-G para la obtención de proteínas de unión a actina en Plasmodium falciparum / Affinity columns for preparation with F-actin and G-actin obtention of actin binding proteins in Plasmodium falciparum

Con el fin de obtener proteínas de unión a actina de extractos de P. falciparum marcados radioactivamente, se prepararon columnas de afinidad con actina-F (fibrilar), actina-G (globular) y albúmina sérica bovina. Se comprobó la polimerización y se cuantificó la unión de los ligandos a la resina activada. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron una alta especificidad de las columnas. Se obtuvieron cuatro proteínas que se unieron a la columna de actina-G y 16 que se unieron a la columna de actina F